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Briefing

Copenhagen Climate Change Summit and Global Climate Regime

Critical Issues

Roadblocks Remain for Climate Financing

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Developed Countries Agenda On Climate Change at the Copenhagen Conference

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What Scope for U.S.–China Climate Cooperation?

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What Did Developing Countries Bring to the Climate Change Conference at Copenhagen?

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Brazil and Climate Change

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India Alters Climate Change Stance Ahead of Copenhagen

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2010 Climate Change Meeting at Bonn: First Obstacle on the Way to Cancun?

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China's Stand on Climate Change

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Background:

Global leaders met in Copenhagen, Denmark, on December 7-18, 2009. Forum participants tried to agree on a treaty on cutting global emissions that would replace the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012. While several countries had set policies to cut emissions, there were disagreements about the distribution of the cuts and the timeline of targets. After much deliberation, on the final day of the summit, the U.S., India, China, South Africa and Brazil reached a consensus and presented a new global accord on climate change. Countries agreed to list their action plans and commitments to combat climate change and developing countries pledged to set up a finance mechanism to help developing countries produce and implement technologies for reducing the effects of climate change. Though the accord called for restricting the global temperature from rising more than two degrees Celsius, it did not put in place a legally binding system. A day after the deal was announced, Sudan, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Cuba and Tuvalu rejected it on concerns that the accord will not be adequate to combat global warming and was brokered unfairly by a few countries. Though the UN has stated that it will “take note” of the accord, it is unlikely to be signed into a UN pact as doing so would require the approval of all 193 participating nations.

The next global summit will be held in Cancun in December 2010, but it will suffer from much weaker momentum given the delay in U.S. climate change legislation, the pullback of EU governments from their subsidy regimes given the need to impose fiscal austerity and a reluctance of other countries to implement policy changes that bind them to potentially costly adjustment.

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Associated Readings

Analysis United Nations May 21, 2009 Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Analysis UNCTAD May 2009 Developing Country Interests in Climate Change Action and the Implications for a Post-2012 Climate Change Regime Analysis Centre for International Governance Innovation John Whalley and Sean Walsh May 2009 Issues, Obstacles and Outlook for the Copenhagen International Climate Change Negotiation Analysis BNP Paribas Raymond Van der Putten May 15, 2009 High stakes at Copenhagen Climate Conference Analysis Yale Global Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen May 28, 2008 Climate Change After Kyoto – A Blueprint for a Realistic Approach Analysis OIES Energy & Environment Comment Benito Muller Feb , 2008 Bali 2007: On the road again! Analysis Council on Foreign Relations Toni Johnson Jan 25, 2008 The Post-Bali Road Analysis World Economic Forum Edmund S. Phelps, Eileen Claussen, Lars G. Josefsson, Ichiro Kamoshita, Achim Steiner and Björn Stigson Jan 23, 2008 Beyond Kyoto: Is Collaboration Possible? Analysis Financial Times Fiona Harvey and John Aglionby Dec 18, 2007 Who bears the load? Bali leaves big concessions needed on climate change Opinions Project Syndicate Showdown in Bali Dec 18, 2007 Showdown in Bali